Neurological Conditions

overview

We support you in managing your neurological condition so that you can live life on your terms.

At Citrus, we use evidence-based exercise therapy in a safe, structured environment to promote neuroplasticity, preserve function, and maintain your independence. Feel supported as we individualise your program and adapt it to your symptoms and fatigue levels.

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Neurological Conditions and Symptoms

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Parkinson’s is a progressive neurological condition caused by loss of dopamine-producing cells, disrupting movement and motor control. It often starts subtly, maybe a tremor in one hand or slower movements, and can gradually affect balance and coordination.

Exercise is one of the best tools we have. It improves strength, stability, and balance. Importantly, it builds movement amplitude to combat the small, shuffling movements associated with Parkinson’s. Exercise also helps neuroplasticity, mood, and cognition.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Resting tremor Bradykinesia Muscle rigidity Postural instability
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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

In MS, the immune system attacks the protective coating around nerves, disrupting signal transmission. It often presents in young to middle adulthood and is more common in women.

The main subtypes include: Relapsing–Remitting MS (RRMS), where flare-ups occur with partial or full recovery; Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), where there is gradual worsening after an initial relapse; and Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), where symptoms steadily progress without clear relapses.

When tailored to your energy levels and symptoms, exercise is impactful. It can reduce fatigue, increase strength, stability and balance, and support neuroplasticity. It also helps mood and cognitive function.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Muscle weakness Spasticity (muscle tightness) Gait changes Numbness or tingling Neuropathic pain Fatigue Heat intolerance Brain fog Balance problems Bladder or bowel dysfunction Visual disturbances Reduced coordination
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stroke

A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, damaging brain cells. It can affect movement, speech, sensation, and cognition depending on the area involved.

Types include: ischaemic stroke (blood clot blocking an artery), haemorrhagic stroke (bleeding into the brain), and transient ischaemic attack, which is a temporary blockage that resolves quickly but signals increased risk.

Through evidence-based rehabilitation, we support a safe return to exercise to promote neuroplasticity, build strength and fitness, improve balance and gait, boost mood and energy, and reduce the risk of comorbidities.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Slurred speech Speech difficulties Numbness Muscle weakness Memory problems Reduced concentration Dizziness Vision changes Coordination problems Difficulty swallowing
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PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

Peripheral neuropathy involves damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves control sensation, movement, and some automatic body functions. Exercise supports nerve health, muscle strength and circulation, which can reduce secondary complications (like foot injuries that go unnoticed due to lower sensation). Over time, you may experience fewer symptoms and greater confidence in everyday activities.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Numbness Tingling Burning pain Reduced awareness of feet Foot drop Reduced coordination Balance problems Muscle weakness Dizziness Altered sweating Digestive changes
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CHARCOT–MARIE–TOOTH DISEASE (CMT)

CMT disease is an inherited neurological condition that affects peripheral nerves, leading to progressive weakness and sensory loss. It typically begins in the feet and lower legs and may progress to the hands. Severity depends on genetic subtype. Symptoms are usually symmetrical and slowly progressive.

Evidence-based exercise supports strength, stability, and functional movement so you can maintain independence and reduce secondary complications. Strength training helps preserve muscle mass, while balance and coordination work reduces fall risk.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Foot drop Frequent tripping Weakness in feet and ankles Reduced grip strength Muscle wasting High arches Hammertoes Balance problems Altered sensation
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FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER (FND)

FND causes neurological symptoms without structural damage to the nervous system. The issue lies in how the brain sends and receives signals. Symptoms are real and can include weakness, tremor, or gait problems. They often fluctuate and may worsen with stress or fatigue.

Evidence shows that exercise can help the nervous system relearn functional movement patterns. It also effectively regulates the nervous system. Our programs focus on motor retraining, rebuilding confidence, and increasing capacity with structure and support.

COMMON TRIGGERS

Limb weakness Gait changes Non-epileptic seizures Altered sensation Fatigue Brain fog Tremor
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TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) AND CONCUSSION

A TBI happens when an external hit or force disrupts normal brain function. It can be mild (like a concussion) or more significant, and symptoms vary depending on the area affected; they can also come and go as the brain heals. 

Exercise can help you regain strength, flexibility, and balance after a TBI. It can also support cognition, lift your mood, and reduce fatigue.

Recovery isn’t always linear; individualised treatment is key so activity contributes to recovery without pushing you too hard.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Headaches Dizziness Fatigue Memory problems Reduced concentration Mood changes Irritability
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SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI)

A spinal cord injury happens when damage to the spinal cord disrupts communication between the brain and body. The impact depends on the injury level and severity, and it can affect movement, sensation, and autonomic functions.

Exercise plays a big role in maintaining strength and independence. It helps preserve muscle mass (especially above and sometimes below the injury level), improve cardiovascular health, and reduce secondary complications. For wheelchair users, upper body training is essential for mobility and day-to-day function.

COMMON SYMPTOMS

Paralysis Muscle weakness Spasticity (muscle tightness) Loss or altered sensation Blood pressure changes Bladder or bowel dysfunction
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How We Can Help

Our approach to treating neurological conditions is based on evidence-based exercise therapy, with a psychosocial lens that recognises the interplay between physical health, mental wellbeing, and lived experience. We tailor your program based on your condition, movement patterns, and daily demands, so that it feels relevant and progressive.

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